Risk Factor Matrix
Individual |
Ages 0–2 |
Ages 3–5 |
Ages 6–11 |
Ages 12–17 |
Ages 18– |
Antisocial/delinquent beliefs |
1 program |
6 programs |
37 programs |
41 programs |
10 programs |
Belief in physical aggression to resolve disagreements and violent tendencies |
1 program |
2 programs |
4 programs |
4 programs |
No programs |
Conduct disorders (authority conflict/rebellious/stubborn/disruptive/antisocial) |
2 programs |
6 programs |
22 programs |
25 programs |
7 programs |
Developmental trauma exposure |
1 program |
2 programs |
4 programs |
7 programs |
3 programs |
Difficult temperament |
2 programs |
2 programs |
No programs |
1 program |
1 program |
Drug dealing |
No programs |
No programs |
2 programs |
7 programs |
4 programs |
Early and persistent noncompliant behavior |
2 programs |
5 programs |
22 programs |
19 programs |
6 programs |
Early dating/sexual activity/fatherhood |
No programs |
No programs |
2 programs |
5 programs |
2 programs |
Early onset of aggression/violence |
1 program |
6 programs |
20 programs |
17 programs |
5 programs |
Exposure to firearm violence |
1 program |
1 program |
7 programs |
22 programs |
17 programs |
Fearless |
No programs |
No programs |
No programs |
5 programs |
4 programs |
Few social ties (involved in social activities, popularity) |
No programs |
No programs |
11 programs |
22 programs |
13 programs |
Gang involvement in adolescence |
No programs |
No programs |
4 programs |
14 programs |
8 programs |
General delinquency involvement |
1 program |
5 programs |
30 programs |
46 programs |
15 programs |
High alcohol/drug use |
No programs |
2 programs |
27 programs |
53 programs |
24 programs |
High drug dealing |
No programs |
No programs |
6 programs |
21 programs |
16 programs |
Hyperactivity/impulsivity |
3 programs |
7 programs |
18 programs |
17 programs |
6 programs |
Illegal gun ownership/carrying |
No programs |
No programs |
8 programs |
28 programs |
20 programs |
Lack of guilt and empathy |
1 program |
3 programs |
16 programs |
20 programs |
4 programs |
Life stressors |
No programs |
1 program |
5 programs |
12 programs |
5 programs |
Low intelligence quotient |
2 programs |
5 programs |
8 programs |
6 programs |
2 programs |
Low perceived likelihood of being caught |
No programs |
3 programs |
14 programs |
12 programs |
3 programs |
Low psychosocial maturity (low temperance, responsibility, and perspective) |
No programs |
No programs |
4 programs |
7 programs |
1 program |
Makes excuses for delinquent behavior (neutralization) |
No programs |
No programs |
9 programs |
16 programs |
5 programs |
Medical/physical condition |
No programs |
1 program |
2 programs |
2 programs |
2 programs |
Mental health problems |
No programs |
2 programs |
10 programs |
17 programs |
8 programs |
No job or less than full-time employment in early adulthood (age 16+) |
No programs |
No programs |
No programs |
2 programs |
2 programs |
Perceived racial discrimination |
No programs |
No programs |
1 program |
1 program |
1 program |
Physical violence/aggression |
1 program |
2 programs |
19 programs |
44 programs |
25 programs |
Poor refusal skills |
1 program |
3 programs |
16 programs |
16 programs |
7 programs |
Victim of child maltreatment |
No programs |
2 programs |
7 programs |
7 programs |
3 programs |
Victimization and exposure to violence |
No programs |
2 programs |
12 programs |
12 programs |
4 programs |
Violence at age 13 |
No programs |
No programs |
2 programs |
7 programs |
5 programs |
Violent victimization |
1 program |
2 programs |
17 programs |
42 programs |
24 programs |
Family |
Ages 0–2 |
Ages 3–5 |
Ages 6–11 |
Ages 12–17 |
Ages 18– |
A lack of health insurance |
No programs |
No programs |
No programs |
No programs |
No programs |
Abusive parents |
1 program |
4 programs |
9 programs |
8 programs |
3 programs |
Antisocial parents |
No programs |
4 programs |
14 programs |
17 programs |
6 programs |
Broken home/changes in caretaker |
No programs |
3 programs |
9 programs |
15 programs |
7 programs |
Child maltreatment (abuse or neglect) |
2 programs |
5 programs |
14 programs |
17 programs |
5 programs |
Delinquent siblings |
1 program |
1 program |
14 programs |
30 programs |
15 programs |
Family history of problem behavior/criminal involvement |
1 program |
3 programs |
9 programs |
22 programs |
15 programs |
Family poverty/low family socioeconomic status |
2 programs |
4 programs |
9 programs |
18 programs |
13 programs |
Family violence (child maltreatment, partner violence, conflict) |
3 programs |
6 programs |
19 programs |
31 programs |
16 programs |
Father’s gang membership (for males only, but only with frequent contacts and maltreatment) |
No programs |
No programs |
1 program |
3 programs |
1 program |
Foster care placement |
No programs |
No programs |
1 program |
2 programs |
1 program |
Growing up in foster care |
1 program |
2 programs |
4 programs |
4 programs |
1 program |
Having a teenage mother |
2 programs |
2 programs |
7 programs |
10 programs |
5 programs |
High parental stress/maternal depression |
1 program |
5 programs |
15 programs |
17 programs |
6 programs |
Jailing or imprisonment of a household member |
No programs |
No programs |
1 program |
2 programs |
1 program |
Lack of orderly and structured activities within the family |
No programs |
1 program |
7 programs |
14 programs |
4 programs |
Lived/living with a gang member |
No programs |
No programs |
3 programs |
5 programs |
2 programs |
Living in a small house |
No programs |
No programs |
1 program |
7 programs |
7 programs |
Low parental attachment to child/adolescent |
No programs |
1 program |
9 programs |
13 programs |
6 programs |
Low parental education |
No programs |
No programs |
4 programs |
7 programs |
4 programs |
Low parental supervision |
1 program |
1 program |
1 program |
No programs |
No programs |
Maternal drug, alcohol, and tobacco use during pregnancy |
2 programs |
1 program |
No programs |
1 program |
1 program |
Mother’s gang membership (for females only) |
No programs |
No programs |
1 program |
3 programs |
1 program |
Parent proviolent attitudes |
No programs |
2 programs |
7 programs |
7 programs |
2 programs |
Parental criminality |
2 programs |
2 programs |
1 program |
3 programs |
1 program |
Parental neglect and abuse |
2 programs |
2 programs |
2 programs |
2 programs |
1 program |
Parental psychiatric disorder |
2 programs |
1 program |
No programs |
1 program |
1 program |
Parental substance abuse |
2 programs |
1 program |
No programs |
1 program |
1 program |
Parental use of physical punishment/harsh and/or erratic discipline practices |
3 programs |
6 programs |
18 programs |
27 programs |
8 programs |
Per capita family income |
No programs |
No programs |
No programs |
3 programs |
3 programs |
Poor parental supervision (control, monitoring, and child management) |
2 programs |
6 programs |
32 programs |
48 programs |
19 programs |
Poor parent-child relations or communication |
3 programs |
6 programs |
20 programs |
23 programs |
10 programs |
Pregnancy and delivery complications |
2 programs |
1 program |
No programs |
1 program |
1 program |
Sibling antisocial behavior |
No programs |
No programs |
4 programs |
5 programs |
3 programs |
Single parent household |
1 program |
2 programs |
3 programs |
2 programs |
1 program |
Unhappy parents |
1 program |
4 programs |
10 programs |
10 programs |
4 programs |
School |
Ages 0–2 |
Ages 3–5 |
Ages 6–11 |
Ages 12–17 |
Ages 18– |
Bullying |
No programs |
1 program |
8 programs |
9 programs |
3 programs |
Chronic absenteeism |
No programs |
No programs |
1 program |
No programs |
No programs |
Frequent school transitions |
No programs |
1 program |
12 programs |
13 programs |
2 programs |
Frequent truancy/absences/suspensions; expelled from school; dropping out of school |
1 program |
5 programs |
27 programs |
37 programs |
14 programs |
Identified as learning disabled |
1 program |
4 programs |
13 programs |
11 programs |
3 programs |
Low academic aspirations |
1 program |
5 programs |
28 programs |
31 programs |
8 programs |
Low achievement in school |
1 program |
5 programs |
16 programs |
14 programs |
5 programs |
Low math achievement test scores (males) |
No programs |
No programs |
2 programs |
4 programs |
3 programs |
Low parent college expectations for child |
No programs |
No programs |
5 programs |
8 programs |
3 programs |
Low school attachment/bonding/motivation/commitment to school |
1 program |
5 programs |
34 programs |
45 programs |
16 programs |
Non-normative school transitions (i.e., changes due to residential moves or mid-year transfers) |
No programs |
1 program |
4 programs |
5 programs |
1 program |
Old for grade/repeated a grade |
No programs |
2 programs |
9 programs |
7 programs |
1 program |
Performance on standardized math assessments in the 6th and 10th grades |
No programs |
No programs |
2 programs |
2 programs |
1 program |
Poor school attitude/performance; academic failure |
No programs |
3 programs |
21 programs |
40 programs |
16 programs |
Poor student-teacher relations |
1 program |
3 programs |
16 programs |
16 programs |
6 programs |
Poorly defined rules and expectations for appropriate conduct |
1 program |
3 programs |
16 programs |
14 programs |
4 programs |
Poorly organized and functioning schools/inadequate school climate/negative labeling by teachers |
No programs |
1 program |
14 programs |
22 programs |
12 programs |
School attendance |
No programs |
No programs |
2 programs |
2 programs |
1 program |
Student failure in the first grade |
No programs |
2 programs |
8 programs |
7 programs |
2 programs |
Trouble at school |
No programs |
1 program |
5 programs |
5 programs |
No programs |
Unsafe schools |
No programs |
No programs |
6 programs |
6 programs |
1 program |
Community |
Ages 0–2 |
Ages 3–5 |
Ages 6–11 |
Ages 12–17 |
Ages 18– |
Availability and use of drugs in the neighborhood |
1 program |
1 program |
10 programs |
26 programs |
20 programs |
Availability of firearms |
1 program |
2 programs |
8 programs |
23 programs |
21 programs |
Community disorganization |
No programs |
1 program |
7 programs |
15 programs |
12 programs |
Economic deprivation/poverty/residence in a disadvantaged neighborhood |
No programs |
1 program |
8 programs |
16 programs |
12 programs |
Exposure to violence and racial prejudice |
1 program |
2 programs |
7 programs |
16 programs |
14 programs |
Feeling unsafe in the neighborhood |
1 program |
1 program |
13 programs |
29 programs |
22 programs |
High-crime neighborhood |
1 program |
2 programs |
6 programs |
21 programs |
21 programs |
Low neighborhood attachment |
No programs |
1 program |
10 programs |
12 programs |
6 programs |
Moved to a new neighborhood |
1 program |
1 program |
1 program |
2 programs |
No programs |
Neighborhood antisocial environment |
No programs |
No programs |
1 program |
2 programs |
1 program |
Neighborhood physical disorder |
No programs |
No programs |
3 programs |
12 programs |
12 programs |
Neighborhood youth in trouble |
1 program |
1 program |
15 programs |
31 programs |
20 programs |
Peer |
Ages 0–2 |
Ages 3–5 |
Ages 6–11 |
Ages 12–17 |
Ages 18– |
Association with antisocial/aggressive/delinquent peers; high peer delinquency |
2 programs |
4 programs |
30 programs |
56 programs |
24 programs |
Association with gang-involved peers/relatives |
1 program |
1 program |
18 programs |
40 programs |
24 programs |
Gang membership |
1 program |
1 program |
6 programs |
19 programs |
15 programs |
Leading peers in antisocial behavior and committing crimes for peer status or revenge |
No programs |
No programs |
1 program |
3 programs |
1 program |
Peer alcohol/drug use |
No programs |
No programs |
15 programs |
33 programs |
18 programs |
Peer rejection |
1 program |
2 programs |
13 programs |
16 programs |
2 programs |