Risk Factors Ages 3–5

Research Review Criteria

Individual

Conduct disorders (authority conflict/rebellious/stubborn/disruptive/antisocial)* Associated Programs

Indicators	Data Sources
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	No reports likely; consult with preschool or kindergarten teachers

Lack of guilt and empathy Associated Programs

Indicators	Data Sources
	Data not likely available except in local studies

Low intelligence quotient Associated Programs

Indicators	Data Sources
	Data not likely available except in local studies

Physical violence/aggression* Associated Programs

Indicators	Data Sources
	Data not likely available except in local studies

Family

Family violence (child maltreatment, partner violence, conflict) Associated Programs

Indicators	Data Sources
911 calls for domestic violence	Local police/sheriff’s department
Child abuse and neglect rate	Child Protective Services, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the U.S.
Protective Orders written	Child Protective Services

Parental psychiatric disorder Associated Programs

Indicators	Data Sources
Needs assessments of children and families referred to city/county social service agencies	Local agencies

Parental use of physical punishment/harsh and/or erratic discipline practices Associated Programs

Indicators	Data Sources
Reports to CPS of harsh physical punishment	Child Protective Services

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