Richmond, Virginia, Gang Reduction Program

http://www.oag.state.va.us/KEY_ISSUES/GANGS/Gangs_GRIP_Program.html

Comprehensive; Ages 12–24

Risk Factors

Individual
Exposure to firearm violence
Few social ties (involved in social activities, popularity)
Gang involvement in adolescence
High alcohol/drug use
High drug dealing
Illegal gun ownership/carrying
Physical violence/aggression
Violent victimization
Family
Delinquent/gang-involved siblings
Family history of problem behavior/criminal involvement
Family poverty/low family socioeconomic status
Family violence (child maltreatment, partner violence, conflict)
Living in a small house
Poor parental supervision (control, monitoring, and child management)
School
Frequent truancy/absences/suspensions; expelled from school; dropping out of school
Low school attachment/bonding/motivation/commitment to school
Poor school attitude/performance; academic failure
Poorly organized and functioning schools/inadequate school climate/negative labeling by teachers
Community
Availability and use of drugs in the neighborhood
Availability of firearms
Community disorganization
Economic deprivation/poverty/residence in a disadvantaged neighborhood
Exposure to violence and racial prejudice
Feeling unsafe in the neighborhood
High-crime neighborhood
Neighborhood physical disorder
Neighborhood youth in trouble
Peer
Association with antisocial/aggressive/delinquent peers; high peer delinquency
Association with gang-involved peers/relatives
Gang membership
Peer alcohol/drug use

Description

The Richmond Gang Reduction and Intervention Program (GRIP) target area consists of two police reporting sectors in south Richmond, Virginia. The target area is a suburban-type community of single-family homes and apartments. The area is transitioning from a middle-class to a working-class population, with an increase in Hispanic residents. Traditional “homegrown” African-American gangs are the most prevalent gang presence in terms of membership and criminal activity. GRIP has four program components.

Prevention activities are aimed at the broad population of families and youth who are at risk of becoming involved in gang and delinquent activity.

Intervention activities are supported by a multidisciplinary intervention team that conducts case-management activities, including street outreach to support gang-involved youth, with the goal of providing an alternative to gang membership. Activities with individual youths are targeted toward that goal and tracked via case-management software.

Suppression activities include directed police patrols, community policing, community awareness, supporting increased law enforcement intelligence sharing, establishing a multiagency law enforcement and prosecution response to target gang leaders, increasing the number of school resource officers in target area schools, and expanding neighborhood watch teams in partnership with the Richmond Police Department and community members.

Reentry activities are closely tied to the multidisciplinary intervention team and include self-sufficiency skill training and job training and placement. Support services—such as food, transportation, and other services—are available.

Program evaluators observed that the Richmond Gang Reduction and Intervention Program could have benefited from additional time to refine its strategic planning goals and objectives. GRIP also encountered obstacles with respect to a time-consuming subcontract procurement process, which was important because the program sought to fund as many partners and bring as many organizations into the collaboration as possible. However, implementation ultimately proved relatively consistent with OJJDP’s comprehensive Gang Reduction Program model.

Crime outcomes were measured using police data on four different measures: serious violence, gang-related incidents, gang-related violent incidents, and drug incidents. Serious violent incidents, gang incidents, and serious violent gang crime all declined sharply following implementation of GRIP, while trends in the comparison area were relatively flat during the same period. In contrast, drug-related incidents increased in the target area and declined in the comparison area, contrary to the evaluation hypotheses.

Endorsements

National Gang Center: Effective gang program

Contact

Ms. Amy Wight Kube
GRIP Director
900 East Main Street
Richmond, VA 23219
E-mail: richmondgangreduction@oag.state.va.us

References

Hayeslip, D., and Cahill, M. (2009). Community Collaboratives Addressing Youth Gangs: Final Evaluation Findings From the Gang Reduction Program. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.

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