Responding in Peaceful and Positive Ways (RiPP)

Prevention; Ages 10–14

Risk Factors

Individual
Antisocial/delinquent beliefs
General delinquency involvement
High alcohol/drug use
Lack of guilt and empathy
Physical violence/aggression
Violent victimization
School
Frequent truancy/absences/suspensions; expelled from school; dropping out of school
Low academic aspirations
Low school attachment/bonding/motivation/commitment to school
Poor school attitude/performance; academic failure
Poor student-teacher relations
Poorly defined rules and expectations for appropriate conduct
Poorly organized and functioning schools/inadequate school climate/negative labeling by teachers
Community
Exposure to violence and racial prejudice
Peer
Association with antisocial/aggressive/delinquent peers; high peer delinquency
Association with gang-involved peers/relatives
Peer rejection

Description

Responding in Peaceful and Positive Ways (RiPP) is a school-based violence prevention program designed to provide students ages 10–14 in middle and junior high schools with conflict resolution strategies and skills. It combines a classroom curriculum of social/cognitive problem solving with real-life skill-building opportunities such as peer mediation. Students learn to apply critical-thinking skills and personal management strategies to personal health and well-being issues. Delivered over three years, RiPP teaches key concepts that include:

  • The importance of significant friends or adult mentors.
  • The relationship between self-image and gang-related behaviors.
  • The effects of environmental influences on personal health.

Using a variety of lessons and activities, students learn about the physical and mental development that occurs during adolescence, analyze the consequences of personal choices on health and well-being, learn that they have nonviolent options when conflicts arise, and evaluate the benefits of being a positive family and community role model.

In a within-school evaluation of RiPP, compared with control students, RiPP-6 students at posttest were significantly less likely to have disciplinary code violations for carrying weapons, were less likely to have in-school suspensions, had lower reported rates of fight-related injuries, and were more likely to participate in their school’s peer-mediation program. RiPP-7 participants showed a significant increase in their knowledge of curriculum material and a trend for greater decreases in anxiety. At 6-month follow-up, RiPP-7 students reported lower rates of peer pressure to use drugs and showed a significant increase in prosocial responses to hypothetical problem situations. In another study, compared with students at control schools, students at intervention schools reported more favorable attitudes toward nonviolence, less favorable attitudes toward violence, and greater knowledge of the material covered in the intervention. Significant differences on the frequency of aggression were found at posttest. An evaluation of RiPP-8 is currently under way.

Endorsements

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Registry of Effective Programs and Practices: Model program

Safe and Drug Free Schools, U.S. Department of Education: Effective program

OJJDP Model Programs Guide: Exemplary program

Contact

Aleta Lynn Meyer, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Virginia Commonwealth University
808 West Franklin Street
Richmond, VA 23284
Phone: (804) 828-0015
E-mail: ameyer@vcu.edu

References

Farrell, A. D., and Meyer, A. L. (1997). “The Effectiveness of a School-Based Curriculum for Reducing Violence Among Urban Sixth-Grade Students.” American Journal of Public Health, 87:979–984.

Meyer, A. L., and Farrell, A. D. (1998). “Social Skills Training to Promote Resilience and Reduce Violence in African-American Middle School Students.” Education and Treatment of Children, 21(4):461–488.

Meyer, A. L.; Farrell, A. D.; Northup, W. B.; Kung, E. M.; and Plybon, L. (2000). Promoting Nonviolence in Early Adolescence: Responding In Peaceful and Positive Ways. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

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